{"id":778,"date":"2026-03-09T00:36:17","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T00:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/2026\/03\/09\/how-ai-headshots-work-the-technology-behind-professional-ai-generated-photos\/"},"modified":"2026-08-23T13:51:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T13:51:30","slug":"how-ai-headshots-work-the-technology-behind-professional-ai-generated-photos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/2026\/03\/09\/how-ai-headshots-work-the-technology-behind-professional-ai-generated-photos\/","title":{"rendered":"How AI Headshots Work: The Technology Behind Professional AI-Generated Photos"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"what-are-ai-headshots\">What Are AI Headshots and Why Do They Matter?<\/h2>\n<p>AI headshots represent a fundamental shift in how professionals obtain high-quality portrait photography. Instead of scheduling a photoshoot, traveling to a studio, and paying $200-500 for a session, you upload 8-15 selfies and receive dozens of professional headshots within 30-60 minutes. The technology has matured dramatically since 2022, with modern AI headshot generators producing results that are virtually indistinguishable from traditional studio photography.<\/p>\n<p>The market demand is substantial. LinkedIn reports that profiles with professional photos receive 21 times more profile views and 36 times more messages than those without. Yet according to a 2026 survey by PhotoFeeler, 72% of professionals admit their current headshot is outdated or unprofessional\u2014an increase from 67% in 2023, highlighting the growing importance of maintaining current professional imagery in an increasingly digital workplace.<\/p>\n<p>This is where AI headshot technology bridges the gap. Services like <a href=\"\/ai-headshots\">ShipPost&#8217;s AI Headshots<\/a> use advanced machine learning models to generate studio-quality portraits from casual photos taken with a smartphone. The technology doesn&#8217;t simply apply filters or touch up existing photos\u2014it generates entirely new images that maintain your facial features while placing you in professional settings with proper lighting, composition, and styling.<\/p>\n<p>The global AI-generated imagery market, valued at $1.8 billion in 2023, is projected to reach $6.9 billion by 2030, with professional headshot generation representing a significant growth segment. Companies across industries\u2014from real estate and finance to technology and healthcare\u2014are adopting AI headshots to standardize their team imagery while reducing costs and logistical complexity.<\/p>\n<p>The cost savings alone are compelling. Traditional professional headshots cost an average of $300 per session in 2026, with high-end photographers charging $800-1,500. Corporate teams requiring headshots for 50+ employees face costs exceeding $15,000-75,000, not including time away from work and coordination logistics. AI headshots reduce this cost to $20-50 per person while delivering multiple style variations and eliminating scheduling constraints.<\/p>\n<p>The technology has also solved several practical challenges that traditional photography faces. Weather dependencies for outdoor shoots, studio availability conflicts, and the need for multiple outfit changes are eliminated with AI generation. Furthermore, AI headshots can be generated in various lighting conditions, backgrounds, and professional styles simultaneously, giving users comprehensive options that would require multiple separate photoshoots to achieve traditionally.<\/p>\n<p>Beyond individual use cases, AI headshot technology is transforming entire industries. Real estate agencies report 34% increases in agent inquiry rates after implementing AI-generated team headshots that maintain consistent branding across their websites. Healthcare organizations use AI headshots to rapidly update physician directories when doctors join or leave practices, ensuring patients always see current, professional imagery. Technology companies leverage AI headshots for employee onboarding, generating multiple variations that work across different platforms\u2014from business cards to conference speaker profiles.<\/p>\n<p>Startups and solo entrepreneurs have become one of the fastest-growing user segments. Founders raising capital or launching on platforms like Product Hunt and LinkedIn need polished imagery immediately, often without budget for professional photography. AI headshots fill this gap, letting a single founder generate an entire &#8220;team page&#8221; worth of consistent, professional-looking portraits in an afternoon\u2014even before hiring their first employee.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"core-technologies\">The Core Technologies Powering AI Headshot Generation<\/h2>\n<p>AI headshot generation relies on several interconnected technologies working in concert. Understanding these components reveals why modern AI headshots look remarkably realistic compared to earlier attempts and how they&#8217;ve evolved to handle complex challenges like identity preservation, lighting consistency, and professional styling.<\/p>\n<h3>Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)<\/h3>\n<p>The foundation of AI headshot technology began with GANs, introduced by Ian Goodfellow in 2014. GANs consist of two neural networks\u2014a generator and a discriminator\u2014locked in continuous competition. The generator creates images while the discriminator evaluates whether they&#8217;re real or AI-generated. Through millions of iterations, the generator learns to create increasingly realistic images that can fool the discriminator.<\/p>\n<p>Early GAN-based headshot generators like StyleGAN2 demonstrated impressive capabilities but suffered from artifacts, inconsistent identity preservation, and limited control over output characteristics. A 2020 study by NVIDIA showed that while GANs could generate photorealistic faces, maintaining consistent identity across multiple generated images remained challenging\u2014a critical requirement for professional headshots.<\/p>\n<p>Despite being superseded by newer technologies, GANs still play a role in modern AI headshot pipelines, particularly in upscaling and refinement stages. Advanced systems often use GAN-based <a href=\"\/free-tools\/enhance-photo\">AI image upscalers<\/a> to enhance final output resolution from 512&#215;512 to 2048&#215;2048 or higher, ensuring crisp detail suitable for print media.<\/p>\n<p>The evolution from GANs to modern architectures wasn&#8217;t just about quality\u2014it was about control and consistency. GANs struggled with mode collapse, where the generator would produce limited variations, making it impossible to create diverse professional looks for the same person. This limitation made GANs unsuitable for commercial AI headshot applications where users expect multiple style options.<\/p>\n<p>Modern GAN architectures like StyleGAN-XL still find application in specific use cases, particularly for real-time preview generation and style transfer applications. These newer GAN variants can generate preview images in under 2 seconds, allowing users to quickly iterate through different styles before committing to high-quality generation through diffusion models.<\/p>\n<h3>Diffusion Models: The Current State-of-the-Art<\/h3>\n<p>Modern AI headshot generators primarily use diffusion models, which have largely superseded GANs for image generation tasks. Diffusion models work by gradually adding noise to training images until they become pure static, then learning to reverse this process. During generation, the model starts with random noise and progressively denoises it into a coherent image.<\/p>\n<p>The breakthrough came with latent diffusion models like Stable Diffusion, which operate in a compressed latent space rather than pixel space. This approach reduces computational requirements by 10-100x while maintaining image quality. For AI headshots specifically, this means faster generation times and the ability to run on consumer-grade hardware rather than requiring data center infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p>In 2026, newer diffusion architectures like SDXL-Turbo and Consistency Models have reduced generation time from 30-60 seconds to under 5 seconds while improving quality metrics across all benchmarks. This speed improvement makes real-time preview capabilities possible, allowing users to iteratively refine their AI headshots.<\/p>\n<p>The mathematical elegance of diffusion models lies in their probabilistic approach. Unlike GANs that learn a direct mapping from noise to image, diffusion models learn the probability distribution of real images. This probabilistic foundation provides several advantages for professional headshots: better handling of lighting variations, more natural skin textures, and superior background integration.<\/p>\n<p>Advanced diffusion models in 2026 incorporate classifier-free guidance with strength values up to 20, allowing precise control over adherence to text prompts. This enables features like &#8220;corporate executive style&#8221; or &#8220;creative industry professional&#8221; to produce distinctly different aesthetic approaches while maintaining photographic realism. The latest models also support negative prompting, allowing users to exclude specific elements like &#8220;no glasses&#8221; or &#8220;avoid harsh shadows.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The latest breakthrough in diffusion model architecture is the introduction of cascade diffusion, where multiple models work sequentially to generate increasingly high-resolution outputs. The first model generates a 256&#215;256 base image, the second upscales to 1024&#215;1024 while adding detail, and a final model produces 4K+ resolution suitable for large format printing. This cascade approach maintains computational efficiency while achieving unprecedented detail in facial features, clothing textures, and background elements.<\/p>\n<h3>Transformer Architectures and Attention Mechanisms<\/h3>\n<p>Transformer models, originally developed for natural language processing, have been adapted for vision tasks through architectures like Vision Transformers (ViT). These models excel at understanding spatial relationships and context\u2014crucial for generating headshots where lighting, background, and composition must work harmoniously.<\/p>\n<p>The attention mechanism allows the model to focus on relevant features. When generating a headshot, the model pays particular attention to facial features, skin texture, hair detail, and the relationship between subject and background. This selective focus produces more coherent results than earlier approaches that treated all image regions equally.<\/p>\n<p>Recent developments in 2026 include multi-modal transformers that can simultaneously process text descriptions (&#8220;professional business attire with soft lighting&#8221;), reference images, and facial embeddings to generate precisely controlled outputs. This technology enables features like &#8220;generate a headshot matching this LinkedIn post&#8217;s style&#8221; or &#8220;create a headshot suitable for medical practice websites.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Self-attention mechanisms in transformers solve a critical problem in AI headshot generation: long-range dependencies. Traditional convolutional neural networks struggle to understand how a change in background lighting should affect facial shadows across the entire image. Transformers naturally model these relationships, resulting in more photorealistic and professionally lit portraits.<\/p>\n<p>The latest transformer architectures include sparse attention patterns that reduce computational complexity while maintaining quality. These optimizations allow real-time generation on mobile devices, opening possibilities for in-app headshot creation during video calls or social media posting workflows.<\/p>\n<h3>Face Recognition and Identity Preservation Networks<\/h3>\n<p>The most critical challenge in AI headshot generation is maintaining the subject&#8217;s identity while changing everything else. This requires specialized face recognition networks, typically based on architectures like ArcFace or CosFace, which create high-dimensional embeddings that capture unique facial characteristics.<\/p>\n<p>During generation, the AI headshot system extracts identity embeddings from your input photos and uses these as conditioning signals. The generation model must produce images that, when processed through the same face recognition network, yield similar embeddings\u2014ensuring the AI headshot looks like you rather than a generic person.<\/p>\n<p>Advanced 2026 systems use ensemble approaches, combining multiple face recognition models trained on different datasets to create more robust identity representations. This prevents bias toward specific demographics and ensures consistent quality across all user types\u2014addressing early criticism that AI headshot systems performed inconsistently across different skin tones, ages, and facial structures.<\/p>\n<p>Identity preservation also relies heavily on a technique called LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation), which allows a large base diffusion model to be fine-tuned on a small set of your personal photos without retraining the entire network. In practice, when you upload your selfies, the system trains a lightweight LoRA &#8220;adapter&#8221; specific to your face over several hundred training steps. This adapter is then combined with the base model during generation, ensuring every output\u2014whether it&#8217;s a corporate suit portrait or a casual outdoor shot\u2014still looks recognizably like you. LoRA training typically takes 10-20 minutes on modern GPU clusters, which is why most AI headshot services quote a processing window of 30-60 minutes from upload to delivery.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-shippost-generates-headshots\">How the AI Headshot Generation Pipeline Works, Step by Step<\/h2>\n<p>Understanding the practical pipeline\u2014from the moment you upload photos to the moment you download finished headshots\u2014helps set realistic expectations and explains why photo selection matters so much for final quality.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Photo upload and preprocessing:<\/strong> You upload 8-15 photos showing different angles, expressions, and lighting conditions. The system automatically crops faces, checks resolution, and flags photos that are too blurry, too dark, or contain multiple faces.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Face detection and quality scoring:<\/strong> Computer vision models assess each photo for sharpness, lighting quality, face angle, and occlusion (sunglasses, hats, hair covering the face). Photos scoring below a quality threshold are excluded automatically or flagged for the user to replace.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Identity model training (LoRA fine-tuning):<\/strong> The accepted photos train a personalized adapter on top of the base diffusion model, teaching the system your specific facial geometry, skin tone, and distinguishing features.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prompt engineering and style selection:<\/strong> Based on your chosen styles (corporate, casual business, creative, LinkedIn-optimized, etc.), the system applies pre-engineered prompts covering clothing, background, lighting setup, and camera angle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Batch generation:<\/strong> The fine-tuned model generates dozens to hundreds of candidate images across your selected styles, typically producing 40-200 raw outputs per order.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Automated quality filtering:<\/strong> A secondary AI model screens outputs for artifacts\u2014extra fingers, warped ears, asymmetrical eyes, distorted text on clothing\u2014and discards failures before they reach you.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Upscaling and post-processing:<\/strong> Surviving images pass through an <a href=\"\/free-tools\/enhance-photo\">AI image upscaler<\/a> to reach print-ready resolution, followed by color correction and skin tone normalization.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Delivery:<\/strong> You receive a curated gallery, typically 30-60 minutes after upload, ready to download individually or in bulk.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This pipeline explains a common question new users ask: &#8220;why do some of my AI headshots look better than others?&#8221; Every stage introduces some variance, and the automated quality filters are deliberately generous\u2014they let through many &#8220;good enough&#8221; images rather than being overly strict, since personal taste in headshots varies widely. This is why most services deliver 40-100+ images and let you pick your favorites rather than generating just one or two &#8220;perfect&#8221; shots.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ai-headshots-vs-alternatives\">AI Headshots vs. Traditional Photography vs. DIY Editing<\/h2>\n<p>Choosing the right approach for professional headshots depends on budget, timeline, and quality requirements. The table below compares the three most common paths professionals take in 2026.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Factor<\/th>\n<th>AI Headshots<\/th>\n<th>Traditional Photographer<\/th>\n<th>DIY Phone + Editing Apps<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Average cost<\/td>\n<td>$20-50 per person<\/td>\n<td>$300-1,500 per session<\/td>\n<td>$0-15 (editing app subscriptions)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Turnaround time<\/td>\n<td>30-60 minutes<\/td>\n<td>3-10 days (shoot + editing)<\/td>\n<td>Immediate, but hours of manual editing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Style variety<\/td>\n<td>10-40+ styles\/backgrounds per order<\/td>\n<td>Limited by shoot time and outfit changes<\/td>\n<td>Limited to what you can shoot yourself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consistency across a team<\/td>\n<td>High\u2014identical lighting\/background presets<\/td>\n<td>High, if same photographer\/session<\/td>\n<td>Low\u2014depends on each person&#8217;s setup<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Scheduling required<\/td>\n<td>None<\/td>\n<td>Yes\u2014coordinating studio and subject<\/td>\n<td>None<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Best for<\/td>\n<td>Individuals, remote teams, startups, rapid scaling<\/td>\n<td>C-suite executives, brand campaigns, high-stakes shoots<\/td>\n<td>Casual social media use, budget-constrained users<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Traditional photography still holds an edge for certain high-stakes use cases\u2014annual reports, magazine features, or situations demanding a specific creative vision that requires close art direction. But for the vast majority of professional use cases (LinkedIn, company directories, email signatures, conference badges), AI headshots now deliver comparable or superior results at a fraction of the cost and time.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"training-data-and-datasets\">Training Data, Model Architecture, and Why Photo Selection Matters<\/h2>\n<p>The quality of your final AI headshots depends heavily on two factors largely outside your control (the underlying model architecture) and one factor entirely within your control (the photos you upload).<\/p>\n<p>Modern AI headshot generators are typically built on foundation models trained on hundreds of millions to billions of image-text pairs scraped from the public web, then fine-tuned specifically on curated portrait and headshot datasets to improve facial realism, lighting accuracy, and professional styling. This base training gives the model general knowledge of how studio lighting, business attire, and professional backgrounds should look before it ever sees your personal photos.<\/p>\n<p>Your uploaded selfies serve a different purpose: personalization. As described above, these photos train a lightweight LoRA adapter rather than the entire model. This is why photo quality and variety matter so much. Best practices for 2026 include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vary your angles:<\/strong> Include front-facing, three-quarter, and slight profile shots so the model learns your face from multiple perspectives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vary your expressions:<\/strong> A mix of neutral, smiling, and slightly serious expressions prevents the model from &#8220;locking in&#8221; a single expression across all outputs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use good, even lighting:<\/strong> Natural window light or diffused indoor lighting produces better training data than harsh overhead lighting or backlit photos.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoid heavy filters or makeup changes between photos:<\/strong> Inconsistent appearance across your uploads confuses the identity model and can produce blended, less accurate results.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Include recent photos only:<\/strong> Photos older than 1-2 years may not reflect your current appearance, weight, or hairstyle, leading to outputs that look like an &#8220;older you.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoid sunglasses, hats, and heavy shadows:<\/strong> Occlusions reduce the number of usable facial data points the model can learn from.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Users who follow these guidelines typically see noticeably higher first-pass quality\u2014meaning more of their initial batch of generated images are usable without needing a regeneration credit or second attempt.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"privacy-and-ethical-considerations\">Privacy, Data Security, and Ethical Considerations<\/h2>\n<p>As AI headshot generators require uploading personal photos, privacy has become a central concern for both individual users and enterprise buyers evaluating these tools in 2026.<\/p>\n<p>Reputable AI headshot providers now publish clear data retention policies, typically offering automatic deletion of uploaded source photos and trained models within 7-30 days of order completion. Enterprise customers\u2014particularly in healthcare, finance, and government sectors\u2014increasingly require providers to demonstrate SOC 2 compliance and offer contractual guarantees against using customer photos for model training without explicit consent.<\/p>\n<p>There are also broader ethical questions the industry has had to address:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Consent and likeness rights:<\/strong> Some jurisdictions have introduced &#8220;digital likeness&#8221; legislation requiring explicit consent before a person&#8217;s face can be used to train any AI model, even for generating that same person&#8217;s headshots.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Deepfake concerns:<\/strong> Because the underlying technology can generate convincing synthetic faces, providers have implemented safeguards like watermarking or metadata tagging to distinguish AI-generated headshots from unedited photography, particularly for use in verified professional contexts like LinkedIn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bias and representation:<\/strong> Early AI headshot tools faced criticism for producing lower-quality or stereotyped results for users with darker skin tones, non-Western features, or non-binary gender presentations. Leading providers in 2026 have retrained models on more diverse datasets and published fairness audits to address these gaps.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Authenticity disclosure:<\/strong> A growing number of professionals now voluntarily disclose when a profile photo is AI-generated, particularly on platforms like LinkedIn, as transparency norms around synthetic media continue to evolve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When evaluating an AI headshot provider, it&#8217;s worth checking their privacy policy for explicit language about photo deletion timelines, whether your images are used to train shared models (versus only your personal adapter), and whether the company has any third-party security certifications.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"beyond-headshots\">Beyond Headshots: The Broader AI Photo Editing Ecosystem<\/h2>\n<p>The same core technologies powering AI headshots\u2014diffusion models, identity preservation networks, and automated quality filtering\u2014now power an entire ecosystem of AI photo tools that complement professional portrait generation.<\/p>\n<p>For example, once you have your AI headshots, you may want to further refine backgrounds for specific use cases. An <a href=\"\/free-tools\/background-remover\">AI background remover<\/a> lets you strip out a busy or inconsistent background and replace it with a solid color or transparent background, which is particularly useful for company directories that require uniform background colors across every employee photo.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, if you have an older, lower-resolution headshot that you want to bring up to modern print or web standards without regenerating an entirely new AI headshot, an <a href=\"\/free-tools\/enhance-photo\">AI image upscaler<\/a> can increase resolution and sharpen detail using the same super-resolution diffusion techniques described earlier in this article.<\/p>\n<p>Businesses are also extending these identity-preservation and generative techniques beyond human portraits. <a href=\"\/ai-product-photos\">AI product photography<\/a> tools apply similar diffusion-based generation to create studio-quality product images\u2014placing a single product photo into multiple backgrounds, lighting setups, and compositions without a physical photoshoot, mirroring exactly how AI headshots eliminate the need for a studio session with a human subject.<\/p>\n<p>Together, these tools represent a broader shift: professional visual content\u2014whether of people or products\u2014is increasingly generated and refined by AI rather than captured and edited manually. Understanding the shared technology underneath (diffusion models, GANs, transformers, and upscaling networks) helps explain why quality across this entire category has improved so rapidly since 2022.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"choosing-a-provider\">How to Choose the Right AI Headshot Generator in 2026<\/h2>\n<p>With dozens of AI headshot services now competing in the market, evaluating providers based on the technology and practices described above can help you make an informed choice. Consider the following criteria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Model architecture transparency:<\/strong> Providers that disclose whether they use diffusion<br \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What Are AI Headshots and Why Do They Matter? AI headshots represent a fundamental shift in how professionals obtain high-quality portrait photography. Instead of scheduling a photoshoot, traveling to a studio, and paying $200-500 for a session, you upload 8-15 selfies and receive dozens of professional headshots within 30-60 minutes. The technology has matured dramatically [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":779,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[207,208],"tags":[475,471,472,473,474],"class_list":["post-778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ai-image-editing","category-e-commerce-optimization","tag-ai-face-generation","tag-ai-headshot-technology","tag-ai-portrait-generation","tag-generative-ai-images","tag-machine-learning-photography"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=778"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2116,"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778\/revisions\/2116"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pixelpanda.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}